Zachary Schwarz CPA — Accounting & Tax Services
Who I work with

Accounting for startups

Early-stage companies need clean accrual books from the start, because investors, lenders and acquirers will eventually read them. Getting the structure right early is far cheaper than cleaning it up during a raise.

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What the books need to handle

Investor-ready books

Accrual statements, a clean chart of accounts and reconciled balances that hold up in due diligence.

Burn and runway

Monthly burn, runway and cash forecasts built from the actual books, not a separate spreadsheet that drifts.

Equity, SAFEs and convertible notes

Financing instruments recorded correctly and kept consistent with the cap table.

R&D credit and state filings

Research activity and costs documented during the year so the credit can be claimed, and state registrations kept current as remote hiring spreads.

Numbers worth tracking monthly

Burn rate

Net cash spent each month.

Runway

Months of cash left at the current burn.

Recurring revenue and churn

Monthly or annual recurring revenue, with customers gained and lost.

Gross margin

Revenue after direct delivery costs, which investors weigh heavily.

Balance sheet accounts I keep workpapers on

Each of these is supported every month by a workpaper that ties the balance to a source document, so the number can be trusted and followed by anyone who reviews it.

Deferred revenue

Annual and multi-month contracts recognized over the service period.

Prepaid expenses

Software, insurance and deposits spread over the periods they benefit.

SAFEs and convertible notes

Recorded at their terms and reconciled to the cap table until conversion.

Accrued liabilities

Vendor bills, payroll and bonuses incurred but not yet paid, so burn is measured accurately.

Month-end close for startups

Tax

Tax considerations

R&D credit

Some qualifying small businesses can apply the credit against payroll taxes before they are profitable, depending on eligibility.

83(b) elections

Founders and early employees receiving stock subject to vesting have a short window after the grant to file.

Qualified small business stock

Gain on a sale may be partly or fully excluded if the requirements are met from formation.

Franchise tax and registrations

Delaware franchise tax, plus registration and payroll in each state where employees work.

General information, not advice for your specific situation. Call 239-896-6799 to talk through yours.

How I help

Common questions

When should a startup move from cash to accrual books?
As early as possible. Investors and acquirers expect accrual statements, and deferred revenue, prepaid expenses and accrued liabilities all distort cash-basis results.
Can an early-stage company use the R&D credit?
Possibly. Some qualifying small businesses can apply the credit against payroll taxes before they are profitable. Eligibility depends on the activities, the documentation and current rules, so it takes a review of your situation.
How should a SAFE be recorded?
A SAFE is generally not debt and not yet equity. How it’s classified depends on its terms, so each SAFE is reviewed individually and tracked alongside the cap table until it converts.

More answers on the FAQ page →

Other industries

Construction & trades Manufacturing Fabrication & machine shops Service businesses Gyms & fitness Automotive & motorsport Aviation & private pilots
Contact

Call me and describe the situation.

A short conversation is usually enough to find out how I can help you and your business.

239-896-6799 zach@zacharyschwarzcpa.com

Based in Denver, Colorado. Clients in every state, handled remotely.